卡马西平相关性药疹文献分析

目的:探讨卡马西平致药疹的临床特点,为临床鉴别诊断提供参考。方法:检索2000—2013年国内医药期刊报道卡马西平相关性药疹的文献,查阅到相关文献49篇,共计55例患者。对患者因素和用药因素进行统计分析。结果:55例患者中,重症药疹患者47例,重症药疹发生率达85.45%;药疹合并症可累及多个器官和(或)系统,临床表现中,发热所占比例最高,为45例次,占总例次数(137例次)的32.85%;患者平均住院时间16.24 d,24 h内停药治疗有利于缩短住院时间,合并多器官功能严重损伤者可导致死亡。结论:临床医师应充分了解卡马西平不良反应的特征,做到早发现、早停药、早治疗。     

现代针刺得气文献数据库的设计和建立

通过四大中文生物医学数据库检索系统(CNKI、万方、VIP和CBM)搜索中文针刺得气文献,PubMed数据库检索系统检索英文针刺得气文献,然后分类,采用Microsoft SQL Server 2005数据引擎建立现代国内外针刺得气文献关系型数据库,介绍数据库系统表字段内容、数据类型、信息结构和逻辑约束信息,实现对针刺得气文献一般信息、试验信息、经验信息、古籍信息和综合文献信息的细节查询,为得气相关文献质量评价及数据挖掘研究奠定基础,以期探寻得气隐藏规律,指导针灸科研与临床。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病发作期与缓解期中医证候分布特点的文献研究

目的探讨中医文献中慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)证候及其证候要素分布特点。方法通过检索文献,选取2000年至2014年有关COPD中医辨证文献,建立Epidata2.0数据库,应用SPSS17.0进行描述性统计分析。结果在COPD发作期,频次出现在前10为的证候类型分别为:痰热蕴肺、痰湿壅肺、痰瘀阻肺、表寒肺热、水凌心肺、肺肾气虚、血瘀证、脾肺气虚、气阴两虚以及风热犯肺;稳定期频次出现在前10为的证候类型依次为:肺肾气虚、痰湿阻肺、肺气虚、气阴两虚、脾肺气虚、肺阴虚、脾气虚、血瘀证、肾阴虚、肾阳虚。对证候要素在发作期,出现频率≥5%的病位类证候要素分别为:肺、脾;≥5%的病性类证候要素为:痰、火(热)、湿(浊)、寒、水饮。在稳定期,出现频率≥5%的病位类证候要素分别为:肺、肾、脾;≥5%的病性类证候要素为:气虚、阴虚、湿(浊)、痰、血瘀。结论 COPD临床辨证分型复杂多样,而证候要素相对简约,对临床辨证论治起到执简驭繁的作用。     

How reliable are gray matter disruptions in specific reading disability across multiple countries and languages? insights from a large‐scale voxel‐based morphometry study

The neural basis of specific reading disability (SRD) remains only partly understood. A dozen studies have used voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) to investigate gray matter volume (GMV) differences between SRD and control children, however, recent meta‐analyses suggest that few regions are consistent across studies. We used data collected across three countries (France, Poland, and Germany) with the aim of both increasing sample size (236 SRD and controls) to obtain a clearer picture of group differences, and of further assessing the consistency of the findings across languages. VBM analysis reveals a significant group difference in a single cluster in the left thalamus. Furthermore, we observe correlations between reading accuracy and GMV in the left supramarginal gyrus and in the left cerebellum, in controls only. Most strikingly, we fail to replicate all the group differences in GMV reported in previous studies, despite the superior statistical power. The main limitation of this study is the heterogeneity of the sample drawn from different countries (i.e., speaking languages with varying orthographic transparencies) and selected based on different assessment batteries. Nevertheless, analyses within each country support the conclusions of the cross‐linguistic analysis. Explanations for the discrepancy between the present and previous studies may include: (1) the limited suitability of VBM to reveal the subtle brain disruptions underlying SRD; (2) insufficient correction for multiple statistical tests and flexibility in data analysis, and (3) publication bias in favor of positive results. Thus the study echoes widespread concerns about the risk of false‐positive results inherent to small‐scale VBM studies. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1741–1754, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Cerebellar white matter pathways are associated with reading skills in children and adolescents

Reading is a critical life skill in the modern world. The neural basis of reading incorporates a distributed network of cortical areas and their white matter connections. The cerebellum has also been implicated in reading and reading disabilities. However, little is known about the contribution of cerebellar white matter pathways to major component skills of reading. We used diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) with tractography to identify the cerebellar peduncles in a group of 9‐ to 17‐year‐old children and adolescents born full term (FT, n = 19) or preterm (PT, n = 26). In this cohort, no significant differences were found between fractional anisotropy (FA) measures of the peduncles in the PT and FT groups. FA of the cerebellar peduncles correlated significantly with measures of decoding and reading comprehension in the combined sample of FT and PT subjects. Correlations were negative in the superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles and positive in the middle cerebellar peduncle. Additional analyses revealed that FT and PT groups demonstrated similar patterns of reading associations within the left superior cerebellar peduncle, middle cerebellar peduncle, and left inferior cerebellar peduncle. Partial correlation analyses showed that distinct sub‐skills of reading were associated with FA in segments of different cerebellar peduncles. Overall, the present findings are the first to document associations of microstructure of the cerebellar peduncles and the component skills of reading. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1536–1553, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Insight into the precuneus: a novel seizure semiology in a child with epilepsy arising from the right posterior precuneus

To date, there is limited understanding of the role of the precuneus. fMRI studies have suggested its involvement in a wide spectrum of highly integrated tasks, including spatially‐guided behaviour, visuo‐spatial imagery, and consciousness. We present a patient with intractable parietal lobe epilepsy arising from a lesion localized to the right precuneus. Two seizure types with distinct semiologies were captured on video‐EEG monitoring. The first type consisted of an urge described as a “feeling of wanting to move”. On video analysis, the patient is seen to turn his head and body to his left. He remains conscious, he is able to answer questions and when asked, he can look to his right. This seizure was associated with an ictal pattern localized to the right parieto‐occipital region. The second seizure type consisted of reading‐induced visual distortion with macropsia and micropsia. Interictally, intermittent rhythmic slowing and spikes were seen and localized to the parietal midline and the right parieto‐occipital regions. Our patient's seizures are positive phenomena of the right precuneus and its related processing network. They represent unique seizure semiologies that offer further insight into the role of the precuneus in spatial awareness, visuo‐spatial processing and consciousness.     

团块状巨大型尖锐湿疣继发皮肤鳞状细胞癌病例报告及文献复习

目的通过团块状巨大型尖锐湿疣继发皮肤鳞状细胞癌临床病例,分析其临床表现、组织病理特点及治疗和预后。方法报告临床收治团块状巨大型尖锐湿疣继发皮肤鳞状细胞癌一例临床资料。结合文献检索进行病例复习。结果组织病理:上皮增生,棘层增生,上皮脚下延,呈假上皮瘤样增生,伴角化不良,上皮中至高度异型增生,未见挖空细胞。HPV分型:高危亚型16,低危亚型6。该病例通过临床表现,结合组织病理,诊断为团块状巨大型尖锐湿疣继发皮肤鳞状细胞癌。手术切除治疗,随诊未再复发。结论巨大型尖锐湿疣具有独特的临床表现和组织病理学特征,容易癌变,临床工作中一定要引起重视,防止误诊和漏诊的发生。     

中医文献元数据设计原则和实用性思考

中医文献元数据是中医文献资源管理和共享的技术基础和前提。本文通过对中医药文献元数据的著录对象进行界定和中医文献元数据的必要性分析,初探中医文献元数据的设计前提。为了指导具体设计工作的顺利开展,规划元数据框架结构并提出元数据来源和扩展原则;为了增强实用性,对元数据的表达方式提出元数据体系表和元数据字典两种方式,并对元数据字典的著录细则做了特别规定。总结中医药文献元数据的设计原则,思考元数据设计时普遍会遇到的精和全的平衡问题。     

学术论文作者机构规范文档构建

以中国生物医学文献数据库为基础,面向基于学术论文开展机构检索、分析与评价相关知识服务需要,对学术论文作者机构名称规范目标与内容、体系结构与组织方式以及构建过程与实现策略进行研究、实践总结。